What is molecular cloning? Molecular cloning is a set of experimental techniques used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host cells. The term usually refers to the construction of recombinant DNA molecules and the insertion of those molecules into host cells. Molecular cloning is a technique used to produce multiple,…

What is DNA transfection? DNA transfection is the process of inserting DNA into a cell. This can be done using a variety of methods, including viruses, liposomes, and nanoparticles. Once the DNA is inside the cell, it can be expressed, resulting in the production of new proteins. This process can be used to study gene…

What is genomic medicine? Genomic medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the identification and treatment of diseases based on a person’s genetic makeup. It is a relatively new field that is rapidly evolving, and its goal is to use a person’s genetic information to tailor treatments to their specific needs. Genomic medicine…

A change in the genetic material of a cell. Although the term often has a negative connotation, mutations (including polymorphisms) can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral in their effect on cell function. There are two main types of mutations: Chromosomal disorders Non-disjunction: pairs of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during meiosis. One gamete receives…

DNA translation is the term used to describe the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum. The genetic information in DNA is used as a base to create mRNA by transcription. Single-stranded mRNA then acts as a template during translation. What is DNA translation? DNA translation is the process of…

DNA transcription is the process of copying a section of DNA into RNA. This is done by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which move along the DNA and create a complementary RNA strand. Transcription is an important part of gene expression, as it allows a gene’s information to be used to create proteins. Introduction to DNA…

DNA is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and function of all known living organisms and many viruses. These instructions are stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The code specifies the sequence of the building blocks, called…